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HABITAT II DOCUMENT

SPECIAL GROUPING OF KEY PHRASES AND CONCEPTS

Observations

  • In order to achieve sustainable human communities, all must be controlled--biospheres, etc. Looking to implement utopia
  • standardization of urban and rural planning on a global level
  • Final integration of where we will live - into globalization
  • Environmental excuse to control all consumption habits as well as living habits as even the house stove contributes to environmental pollution. See [95.]

    GOAL: 97. (a) Develop and implement national and local [sustainable development plans and] policies and specific cross-sectoral programmes addressing all relevant chapters of Agenda 21, which should be action oriented and have clear targets and schedules;

    Note: This is what The President's Commission on Sustainable Development is implementing in every sector of society, beginning with each governmental department and working down through the state level and the towns. Please see chart attached which summarizes the March, 1997 summary which was provided at the RIO+5 Summit in March, 1997.

    The Players: 113. To provide opportunities for productive employment and private investment, Governments at the appropriate levels, including local authorities, in consultation with workers' and employers' organizations, chambers of commerce, industry, trade and consumer organizations, professional associations and the financial sector, including the cooperative sector, and in the context of comprehensive urban planning ... (emphasis added)

    ADEQUATE SHELTER FOR ALL (DEFINITION)

    43. Adequate shelter means more than a roof over one's head. It also means adequate privacy; adequate space; physical accessibility; adequate security, including security of tenure; structural stability and durability; adequate lighting, heating, and ventilation; adequate basic infrastructure, such as water- supply, sanitation and waste-management facilities; suitable environmental quality and health-related factors; and adequate and accessible location with regard to work and basic facilities: all of which should be available at an affordable cost.

    Actions needed to provide "Adequate Shelter for All"

    65. To safeguard the health, safety, welfare, and improved living environment of all people and to provide adequate and affordable basic infrastructure and services....including local authorities, should promote:

    (a) The supply of and access to adequate quantities of safe drinking water;

    (e) Access to community facilities, including places of worship;

    (f) Access to sustainable sources of energy;

    (g) Environmentally sound technologies and the planning, provision and maintenance of infrastructure, including roads, streets, parks and open spaces;

    (h) A high level of safety and public security;

    77 bis. Agenda 21 developed the concept of an "enabling approach" and other important aspects of sustainable human settlements development. The "local Agenda 21" framework emphasizes the need for local authorities to work in cooperation with all [stakeholders], including individuals, social groups and the private sector, to promote and implement effective strategies for sustainable development].

    BIODIVERSITY - SMART GROWTH/RURAL LEGACY

    27. (c) Promoting changes in production and consumption patterns and settlements structures that will protect natural resources, including water, air, biodiversity, energy and land, thereby providing a healthy living environment for all;

    27. (d) Promoting spatial development patterns that reduce transport demand, and creating efficient, effective and environmentally sound transport systems that provide access to work, goods, services and amenities;

    27. (e) Preserving productive land in urban and rural areas and protecting fragile ecosystems from the negative impacts of human settlements;

    27. (f) Protecting and maintaining the historic and cultural heritage, including traditional shelter and settlement patterns, as appropriate, as well as landscapes and urban flora and fauna in open and green spaces;

    79. [Sustainable urban development should consider the carrying capacity of the entire ecosystem supporting such development, including the mitigation of adverse environmental impacts occurring outside urban areas.]

    80. The maintenance and the development of rural settlements require sustainable agriculture and forestry activities and improved agricultural technologies, economic diversification, and expanded employment opportunities created by encouraging appropriate and environmentally sustainable investment in industry and related economic production and service activities.

    80 bis. [In order to mitigate the unbalanced geographical development of human settlements, and to effectively reinforce the creation of a dynamic economy, Governments at appropriate levels should create partnerships with relevant [stakeholders] to encourage the sustainable development and management of cities of all sizes and should create conditions that ensure that these different cities provide employment opportunities and services in the process of securing economic development, social welfare and environmental protection. They should devise strategies and support measures that address the issues relating to the movement of population which leads to extreme population concentration in some areas, pressure on fragile ecosystems such as coastal areas, and loss of population in other areas.] (emphasis added)

    82. Land is essential for the provision of food, water and energy for many living systems, and is critical to human activity. In rapidly growing urban areas, access to land is rendered increasingly difficult by the potentially competing demands of housing, industry, commerce, infrastructure, transport, agriculture and the need for open spaces and green areas, and the protection of fragile ecosystems....Bringing the development of urban areas into harmony with the natural environment and the overall system of settlements is one of the basic tasks to be undertaken in achieving a sustainable urbanized world. The tools for achieving a physically more balanced development include not only specific urban and regional policies and legal, economic, financial, cultural and other measures, but also innovative methods of urban planning and design and of urban development, revitalization and management.

    83. Many cities are using peripheral land for urban-related purposes in a wasteful manner while existing serviced land and infrastructure may not be adequately developed and used...it is necessary to promote land-use patterns that minimize transport demands, save energy and protect open and green spaces. Appropriate urban density and mixed land-use guidelines are of prime importance for urban development.

    [92 bis. [(b) Where necessary, set up or enhance databases and conduct data collection and analysis to provide baseline information that can be used to better plan for population growth in cities, towns and villages;

    [98 bis. [(a) Promote the conservation and sustainable use of urban and peri-urban biodiversity, including forests, local habitats and species biodiversity; the protection of biodiversity should be included within local sustainable development planning activities;

    107. (a) Identify and document, whenever possible, the historical and cultural significance of areas, sites, landscapes, ecosystems, buildings, and other objects and manifestations and establish conservation goals relevant to the cultural and spiritual development of society;

    COLLECTIVE

    59. (e) Capitalize on the potential contribution of key [stakeholders] in the private formal and informal sectors, and support the engagement of non-governmental organizations, community organizations and the private sector in participatory and collective initiatives and mechanisms appropriate to conflict resolution; (emphasis added)

    CONTROL OF ALL RESOURCES

    50. (d) Establish priorities for the allocation of natural, human, technical and financial resources;

    52. (b) Establish priorities for the allocation of natural, human, technical and financial resources;

    [95. Many pollution-related risks to health are particularly high in urban areas, as well as in low-income areas, because of higher concentrations of pollutants from, inter alia, industry, traffic, fumes from cooking and heating devices, overcrowding and inadequate solid and liquid waste management. Environmental risks in the home and the workplace may have a disproportionate impact on women's health...Environmental risks in the home may also have a disproportionate impact on children.]

    [98 ter. Water resources management in human settlements presents an outstanding challenge for sustainable development. It combines the challenge of securing for all the basic human need for a reliable supply of safe drinking water and meeting the competing demands of industry and agriculture, which are crucial to economic development and food security, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their water needs. (emphasis added)

    DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER OF GOVERNMENT ("REINVENTING GOVERNMENT")

    48 bis. Governments should strive to decentralize shelter policies and their administration to subnational and local levels within the national framework, whenever possible and as appropriate.

    61. (h) Decentralize, as appropriate, the lending operations of mortgage markets and encourage the private sector to do the same in order to provide greater physical access to credit, especially in rural areas;

    EMPOWERMENT OF NGO'S/CBO'S

    54 bis. (e) Encourage community-based and non-governmental organizations in their role of assisting and facilitating the production of self-built housing;

    56. (c) Prepare comprehensive inventories of publicly held land and, where appropriate, develop programmes for making them available for shelter and human settlements development, including, where appropriate, development by non-governmental and community-based organizations;

    59. (f) Encourage, in particular, the participation of community and non-governmental organizations by:

    (i) Reviewing and adjusting legal and regulatory frameworks in order to recognize and stimulate the diverse forms of organization of the population engaged in the production and management of land, housing and services;

    LOW INCOME HOUSING - HUD/COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATIONS

    44 bis. (i) Expanding the supply of affordable housing through appropriate regulatory measures and market incentives;

    (ii) Increasing affordability through provision of subsidies and rental and other forms of housing assistance to people living in poverty;

    (iii) Supporting community-based, cooperative and non-profit rental and owner-occupied housing programmes;

    (iv) Promoting supporting services to the homeless and other vulnerable groups;

    (v) Mobilizing innovative [domestic] financial and other resources - public and private- for housing and community development;

    50. (g) Promote the supply of affordable rental houses and the legal rights and obligations of both tenants and owners.

    52. (a) Adopt an enabling approach to shelter development, including the renovation, rehabilitation, upgrading and strengthening of the existing housing stock in both rural and urban areas;

    108. (e) Promote community-based action for the conservation, rehabilitation, regeneration and maintenance of neighborhoods;

    108. (f) Support public and private sector and community partnerships for the rehabilitation of inner cities and neighborhoods;

    113. (g) Consider designating select areas for development within urban centres by providing packages of fiscal and financial incentives along with appropriate regulatory arrangements and the development of partnerships. (JV Note: CHATTANOOGA, TN, BALTIMORE, MD, ETC.)

    (emphasis added)

    PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS

    56. (k) Develop land codes and legal framework that define the nature of land and real property and the rights that are formally recognized;

    59. (c) Explore innovative arrangements to enhance the security of tenure....in the absence of a conventional title to land;

    61. (e) Establish, where necessary, a comprehensive and detailed body of property law and property rights, and enforce foreclosure laws to facilitate private-sector participation;

    PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS - THE NEW FORM OF GOVERNANCE TO REPLACE THE CONSTITUTION

    1. We recognize the imperative need to improve the quality of human settlements....There is a sense of great opportunity and hope that a new world can be built, in which economic development, social development and environmental protection as interdependent and mutually reinforcing components of sustainable development can be realized through solidarity and cooperation within and between countries and through effective partnerships at all levels. International cooperation and universal solidarity, guided by the [purposes and] principles of the Charter of the United nations, and in a spirit of partnership, are crucial in order to improve the quality of life of the peoples of the world. (emphasis added)

    3. The sooner communities, local governments, partnerships among the public, and private and community sectors join efforts to create comprehensive, bold and innovative strategies for shelter and human settlements...(emphasis added)

    5. Democratization has enhanced such access and meaningful participation and involvement for civil society actors, for public-private partnerships, and for decentralized, participatory planning and management, which are important features of a successful urban future.... (emphasis added)

    10. Enabling structures that facilitate independent initiative and creativity, and that encourage a wide range of partnerships, including partnership with the private sector, and within and between countries, should be promoted. (emphasis added)

    13. We, the States participating in the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), [are committed to a political, economic, environmental, ethical and spiritual vision of human settlements based on the principles of equality, solidarity, partnership, human dignity, respect and cooperation.

    19. This requires, as appropriate, establishing policies, laws and regulations for both public and private activities, encouraging responsible private activities in all fields, facilitating community groups' participation, adopting transparent procedures, encouraging public-spirited leadership and public-private partnerships....

    20. Partnerships among countries and among all actors within countries form public, private, voluntary, and community-based organizations, the cooperative sector, non-governmental organizations, and individuals are essential to the achievement of sustainable human settlements development and the provision of adequate shelter for all and basic services. Partnerships can integrate and mutually support objectives of broad-based participation through, inter alia, forming alliances, pooling resources, sharing knowledge, contributing skills and capitalizing on comparative advantages of collective actions. The processes can be made more effective by strengthening civil organizations at all levels. Every effort must be made to encourage the collaboration and partnership of all sectors of society and among all actors in decision-making processes as appropriate. (emphasis added)

    28. We commit ourselves to the strategy of enabling all key actors in the public, private and community sectors to play an effective role--at the national, state/provincial, metropolitan and local levels --in human settlements and shelter development.

    [32. We commit ourselves - in the interest of international peace, security, justice and stability-to enhancing international cooperation and partnerships.... (emphasis added)

    42. The strategy of the Global Plan of Action is based on enablement, transparency and participation. Under this strategy, government efforts are based on establishing legislative, institutional and financial frameworks that will enable the private sector, non-governmental organizations and community groups to fully contribute to [sustainable development, including sustained growth] and enable all women and men to work with each other and in their communities with Governments at all levels, to determine their future collectively, decide on priorities for action, identify and allocate resources fairly and build partnerships to achieve common goals. Enablement creates: (emphasis added)

    (c) The conditions for organizations and institutions to interact and network, building partnerships for [sustained economic growth and sustainable development;]

    48 ter. (iii) Mobilizing innovative sources of domestic finance- public and private - for housing and community development; (emphasis added)

    (v) Promoting sustainable economic development through community partnerships; (emphasis added)

    50. (a) Employ broad-based participatory and consultative mechanisms that involve representatives from public, private, non-governmental, cooperative and community sectors, including representatives of groups that are considered to be living in poverty, at all levels in the policy development process; (emphasis added)

    (e) Establish and adopt a regulatory framework, and provide institutional support for facilitating participation and partnership arrangements at all levels; (emphasis added)

    51. (a) Coordinate and integrate shelter and human settlement policies with other related policies, such as population and human resources development policies, environment, land and infrastructure policies, and urban and rural planning, as well as private and/or public employment initiatives;

    52. (c) Develop adequate institutional frameworks for the public, community and private sectors, especially for facilitating investments in the supply of both rural and urban shelter by the private and non- profit sectors;

    58. To eradicate legal and social barriers to the [equal and equitable] access to land, especially the access of women, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups, Governments, at the appropriate levels, in partnership with the private sector, non-governmental organizations, the cooperative sector and community-based organizations... (emphasis added)

    59. (a) Adopt an enabling legal and regulatory framework based on an enhanced knowledge, understanding and acceptance of existing practices and land delivery mechanisms so as to stimulate partnerships with the private business and community sectors, specifying recognized types of land tenure and prescribing procedures for the regularization of tenure, where needed; (emphasis added)

    62. (d) Support partnerships between such cooperative institutions and public and other financing institutions as an effective means of mobilizing local capital and applying it to local entrepreneurial and community activity for housing and infrastructure development;

    67. (d) Promote partnerships with the private sector and with non-profit organizations for the management and delivery of services and, where necessary, improve the regulatory capacity of the public sector and applying pricing policies that ensure economic sustainability and efficient use of services as well as equal access to them by all social groups; (emphasis added)

    77 quater. In chapter 7 of Agenda 21, the concept of an "enabling approach" in the human settlements sector was developed, whereby a partnership among the public, private and community sectors sought to improve the social, economic and environmental quality of human settlements and the living and working environments of all people... (emphasis added)

    84. (e) Encourage partnerships among the public, private and voluntary sectors and other [stakeholders] in managing land resources for sustainable urban development; (emphasis added)

    96. To improve the health and well-being of all people throughout their life-span, particularly people living in poverty, Governments at the appropriate levels, including local authorities, in partnership with other [stakeholders]... (emphasis added)

    97. (h) Support mechanisms for consultations and partnerships among [stakeholders] to prepare and implement local environmental plans and local Agenda 21s and specific cross-sectoral environmental health programmes; (emphasis added)

    [98 bis. In order to promote a healthy environment that will continue to support sustainable human settlements for current and future generations, Governments at the appropriate levels, in partnership will all relevant [stakeholders], should... (emphasis added)

    [98 ter. [(b) Promote the forging of partnerships between the public and private sectors and between institutions at the national and local levels so as to improve the allocative efficiency of investments in water and sanitation and to increase operational efficiency;

    101. In order to promote sustainable energy use, Governments at the appropriate levels, in partnership with the private sector, non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations and consumer groups, should,... (emphasis added)

    104. In order to achieve sustainable transport in human settlements, Governments at the appropriate levels, in partnership with the private sector, the community sector and other relevant [stakeholders] should:

    112. (b) Encourage the formation of new public-private sector partnerships for institutions that are privately owned and managed but public in their function and purpose, and promote transparency and accountability of their operations. (emphasis added)

    113. (g) Consider designating select areas for redevelopment within urban centres by providing packages of fiscal and financial incentives along with appropriate regulatory arrangements and the development of partnerships.

    116. (f) Support, as appropriate, public and private enterprises in their efforts to adapt to the changing requirements of technological and human resources development.

    Transportation

    102. Transport and communication systems are the key to the movement of goods, people, information and ideas, and to access to markets, employment, schools and other facilities and land use, both within cities and between cities, and in rural and other remote areas ... Integrated transport and land-use policy and planning can reduce the ill effects of current transport systems...

    104. (b) Coordinate land-use and transport planning in order to encourage spatial settlement patterns that facilitate access to such basic necessities as workplaces, schools, health care, places of worship, goods and services, and leisure, thereby reducing the need to travel;

    Transfer of Wealth

    86. Promoting equitable, socially viable and stable human settlements is inextricably linked to reducing and eradicating poverty.

    UNESCO - Heritage sites

    17. ....[The preservation of historical monuments and buildings, particularly in the case of those declared by UNESCO as part of the cultural patrimony of humanity, should be assisted through international cooperation.]

    108. (b) Preserve the inherited historic settlement and landscape forms, while protecting the integrity of the historic urban fabric and guiding new construction in historic areas;

    Vision

    13. We, the States participating in the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), [are committed to a political, economic, environmental, ethical and spiritual vision of human settlements based on the principles of equality, solidarity, partnership, human dignity, respect and cooperation.